You are on everyone’s lips – and yet only rarely on the road: electric cars. They are really praised by politics and the economy as a savior for the climate. From their goal to bring 2020 one million electric cars on German roads, the federal government, however, is still miles away. No mere 20,000 Stromer whisper emission-free through the country. But are the electric cars ever likely to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and thus to improve the environmental performance sustainable?
While driving an electric car comes naturally no emissions and no harmful CO2 produced therefore. Considering, however, the generation of electricity and the production of the vehicle, the environmental benefits of electric cars is rapidly decreasing. Because in this country the power still comes in large part from coal or gas power plants. Although the share of renewables in the energy mix has already increased enormously currently has around 28 percent. But not this enough to actually exploit the potential benefits of electric cars compared to conventional internal combustion engines.
The Institute for Energy and Environmental Research in Heidelberg came in a examination, it concludes that battery-powered cars throughout their life when using the German power have a similar climate balance as conventional cars.
The biggest problem here is the provision of electricity to charge the vehicle batteries. Nearly two-thirds of the greenhouse effect of electric cars to write the researchers of this fact. My conclusion: While in Germany not the vast majority of the electricity generated from renewable sources, including the carbon footprint of the Stromer sees little rosy
As a second point, scientists have identified the manufacture of batteries in. the carbon footprint of electric cars, 30 percent accounts for parts. It weighs the fact that the batteries need to be usually exchanged during the life cycle of a Stromer at least once, especially heavy. For the manufacture of high performance batteries consumed plenty of energy.
But in city traffic with a service life of more than 100,000 kilometers, ie as an e-taxi about, the electric car could beat already LCA of a comparable diesel vehicle. If you use the Stromer contrast, private in the city, it is so damaging to the environment as a diesel engine and 17 percent less harmful than a car with gasoline as a fuel because of to be distributed to the low mileage negative factors of the batteries in about.
Stromer came before early
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It started in 1881
Historically seen, the electric car has often to early at all: Five years ago Carl Benz’s first car with a gasoline engine already drove the first electric car. In the early days of the automobile, electric cars alleged equal footing with steam car and incinerators. But then began a century of electric car flops. Not only the limited capacity of the energy storage prevented until now the breakthrough of electric cars.
Technical purists begrudge today Mercedes authorship of the automobile. They complain that not Carl Benz built the first automobile in 1886 the story, but the Frenchman Gustav Trouvé five years earlier.
The inventor and electrical engineer had 1881 installed in a three-wheeled bicycle by the English manufacturer “Starley Coventry” an electric motor. With lead-acid batteries reached the vehicle, more rolling test bed as a vehicle, a top speed of twelve miles an hour and managed a range from 14 to 26 kilometers.
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From tricycle on the coach to the car
A year later built the English Professors William Edward and John Perry also an electrically powered tricycle. Control of the velocity was carried out by the circuit of the ten storage battery cells. Each had a capacity of half a kilo-watt hour at a voltage of 20 volts. The engine produced 0.37 kW / 0.5 hp. To further pioneering achievement of the vehicle, the first electric lighting joined in a motor vehicle.
Werner Siemens built in 1882 in Halensee near Berlin a coach with electric drive. The vehicle could carry several people, but ran across a 520 meter long test track is not automatically connected to a battery, but was drawing power from an overhead line.
The honor of having built the first real car with electric drive is due, the “Coburg Maschinenfabrik A. flakes”. The four-wheel electric car for two passengers rode 1888. 2011 debuted a reconstruction of the vehicle in Stuttgart for the first time.
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Early success
Since the end of the 19th century, the lack of suitable roads yet was not foreseeable that the car would qualify for useful transport for overland travel, celebrated electric cars as urban transport over short distances considerable success. Especially as you drive to work silently. In view of the dense railway network which was penetrated every corner of the world, appeared a competing transport in response to a question that nobody had ever asked. In Germany alone established more than two dozen manufacturers of electric vehicles
The Lohner-Hub Porsche
The drive system also helped a young Austrian engineer a breakthrough. The 24-year-old Ferdinand Porsche designed in 1899 for the active since 1821 Carriage and Wagon Bauer “kuk Hofwagenfabrik Jakob Lohner & amp; Co” in Vienna a car with so-called “hub motors”. The motor is directly in the wheel space and provides without the use of drive shafts for direct propulsion. With four of these engines Porsche realized by the way the first four-wheel drive car history.
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Alt-known electric car problems
Since the weight of battery reached about one and a half tons of acceptable range, Porsche designed the same as the first hybrid drive with a petrol engine from Daimler, who provided as a generator, the wheel hub motors with energy. The Lohner-Porsche celebrated its premiere in 1900 at the World Exhibition in Paris. By 1906, about 300 of these vehicles that cost Austrian crowns 10000-35000 and primarily as taxis and at the Vienna firefighters were deployed emerged. Because of the low range of the Lohner-Porsche flopped but in the long term.
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Strong market share in the US
In 1900, the United States provided the cars with petrol engines only accounted for 22 percent of the total fleet. 40 percent went to steam car, 38 percent of electric cars. In New York even every second automobile was an electric vehicle. 1912 reached its peak electric boom in the United States. 20 Manufacturer hewed 33,842 electric vehicles.
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Sudden loss of significance
With the rapidly progressing development of high-speed and high-performance gasoline engines at the beginning of the 20th century, lost electric cars suddenly important and only survived in niches, for example, as delivery vehicles.
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Also, scientists at the University of Minnesota, the LCA of electric cars have adopted and developed appropriate computer simulations. In their calculations they added the factors of electricity and battery production for the simulation of material cycles, weather and climate changes and also assessed the effects of elevated particulate matter and ozone levels on human health
Their result. Electric cars only affect positive environmental balance and contribute to improved air quality, if the electricity for their preparation and their use and from clean, renewable sources of energy comes from. However, the current is only generated by coal-fired power plants, caused electric cars, according to US researchers per kilometer than twice as much particulate matter and ozone as gasoline. Your bleak conclusion: 3000 additional deaths per year as a result of its resulting air pollution
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